ASTRONOMY BASICS: GENERAL RELATIVITY HAS BEEN WRONG SINCE THE BEGINNING

Einstein’s prediction of light deflection could not be tested immediately in 1915, because the First World War was in progress, and it was not until 1919 that a British expedition, observing an eclipse from West Africa, showed that light was indeed deflected by the sun, just as predicted by the theory. This proof of a German theory by British scientists was hailed as a great act of reconciliation between the two countries after the war. It is ionic, therefore, that later examination of the photographs taken on that expedition showed the errors were as great as the effect they were trying to measure. Their measurement had been sheer luck, or a case of knowing the result they wanted to get, not an uncommon occurrence in science. (Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time)

Tests on the general relativity theory as suggested by Albert Einstein: the photo taken to the stars at the time when the sun was dark during the solar eclipse was compared to the photo of the same stars taken at another time. The words ‘was compared to the photo of the same stars taken at another time’ means proposal suggested by Albert Einstein is unjustifiable from scientific point of view of the astronomy.
It is really hard to understand that the tests was conducted by a team led by Arthur Eddington in 1919.

Here we know general relativity was wrong. Einstein ignored light refraction: astronomical refraction and terrestrial refraction, when he proposed the proving method for general relativity, and at the same time ignored the existing of the celestial sphere. Each point in the earth has its own celestial sphere. The celestial sphere is only applicable at a certain time and at a certain place on which such observation is performed.

If general relativity was correct, then the light from stars that passed closest to the sun would show the greatest degree of bending, and the stars whose light tracks are very far from the sun have their lights not being bent or deflected.The stars whose lights are not deflected means that there is no difference between the apparent position and the true position of the stars.

If being consistent with this theory, it means that all stars visible at night time are at the appearance of the stars on their true positions, because the said stars do not pass through the field of gravity.

Here we know general relativity was wrong. The stars in the sky at night time and seen by the observers, all are stars on apparent positions, not on their true positions.

Tests of General Relativity

Albert Einstein proposed three tests of the general relativity theory:

1.the perihelion precession of Mercury’s orbit.

2.the deflection of light by the Sun.

3.the gravitational redshift of light

In the letter to the London Times on November 28, 1919, he described the theory of relativity and thanked his English colleagues for their understanding and testing of his work. He also mentioned three classical tests with comments:

"The chief attraction of the theory lies in its logical completeness. If a single one of the conclusions drawn from it proves wrong, it must be given up; to modify it without destroying the whole structure seems to be impossible." ¹⁾

The deflection of light by the Sun

On the theory of general relativity, Einstein calculated the level of deviation and predicted that for the stars observed being the closest to the sun, their deviation was about 1.75 second arc.

And the tests as suggested by Einstein : the photo taken to the stars at the time when the sun was dark during the solar eclipse was compared to the photo of the same stars taken at another time.²⁾

The words ‘was compared to the photo of the same stars taken at another time’ means proposal suggested by Einstein is unjustifiable from scientific point of view of the astronomy..

Figure 1

Figure 1 is two stars portrait taken by an observer from point A in the earth at a time, and figure 2 is the same portrait of two star, taken by the same observer from point B in the earth ‘at another time‘ eg two months later. Point A located in Europe, while the point B located in the Africa continent, the two point has a big different of the latitude and longitude.

Figure 2

The two sightings of stars will always be different because point A and B has its own celestial sphere. The celestial sphere is only applicable at a certain time and at a certain place on which such observation is performed. Therefore, the two portraits can not be compared.

The two portraits is the appearance of apparent position of the star, not the true position. Therefore, from the two portraits could not be use to calculate the angular difference between true position and apparent position of stars that becomes the object of observation.

The proving method for hypothesis as suggested by Einstein as the theory founder should not be able to be carried out, considering the fact that in scientific exposure in astronomy, the instant observation applies. It means, all calculations to determine the true position and the apparent position of a certain star at the sky is only applicable at a certain time and at a certain place on which such observation is performed.

It is really hard to understand that the tests was conducted by a team led by Arthur Eddington in 1919.

Test during 1919 Solar Eclipse

The tests as suggested by Einstein was carried out by a team of English scientists led by Arthur Stanley Eddington. Based on the data from RAS (Royal Astronomical Society) that in the year 1919 RAS had sent two teams of expedition, namely Arthur Eddington and Edwin Cottingham to Principe Island in West of Africa, Andrew Crommelin and Charles Davidson to Sobral in North East of Brazil.³⁾

Arthur Eddington aimed to the group of Hyade stars from the city of Oxford in England at the nights in the months of January and February 1919. After that, Eddington together with his team left for Principe Island in West of Africa, and aimed to the Hyade stars during the solar eclipse on the date of May 29, 1919 at the city of Roca Sundy.⁴⁾

Calculation output of Arthur Eddington’s team was 1.62 second arc, close to the Einstein’s calculation output of 1.75 second arc. But the calculation output of Andrew Crommelin was 0.93 second arc.⁵⁾

This very vivid difference was ignored as if the expedition team performing the measuring from Sobral never existed.

Conclusion :

The test of general relativity as suggested by Albert Einstein is unjustifiable from scientific point of view of the astronomy..

It is really hard to understand that the tests / proving method was conducted by a team led by Arthur Eddington. Therefore, output of the said proving performed by Arthur Eddington must be rejected.

General relativity has been wrong since the beginning.

If a scientist conveys a theory and at the same time shows its proving method, however after being tested by another scientist it is found out that his proposed proving method is proven to be unable to be performed due to not being scientific, then automatically such proposed theory prematurely falls by itself. The proving cannot be carried out by other methods not as requested by the theory founder, since it is reasonably assumed that such proving is made based on belief.

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References:

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tests_of_general_relativity

2. Lincoln Barnett, Universe and Dr.Einstein, London, June 1949.

The Preface of this book was written by Albert Einstein himself.

“ Einstein proposed therefore, that photographs be taken of the stars immediately bordering the darkened face of the sun during an eclipse and compared with photographs of those same stars made at another time. According to his theory, the light from the stars surrounding the sun should be bent inward, toward the sun, in traversing the sun’s gravitational field; hence the images of these stars should appear to observer on earth to be shifted outward from their usual positions in the sky.

Einstein calculated the degree of deflection that should be observed and predicted that for the stars closest to the sun the deviation would be about 1.75 seconds of an arc. “

3. http://www.crommelin.org/history/Biographies/1865AndrewdelaCherois-Crommelin/

In 1919 he participated in the solar eclipse expedition to Brazil which aimed to determine the

amount of the deflection of light caused by the gravitational field of the sun.

4.http://www.ras.org.uk/news-and-press/68-news2009/1627-ras-pn-0942-celebrating-the-20th-centurys-most-important-experiment

In 1919, the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) launched an expedition to the West African island of PrÃncipe, to observe a total solar eclipse and prove or disprove Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity

5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4360090/

The results depended upon whether or not there had been a change of scale of the plates because of heating of the coelostat mirror. If the change of scale were left as a free parameter in the analysis, a deflection of 0.93 arcsec was found.